Spectroscopic and Magnetic Performance of Cobalt (Co) Incorporated NiMn0.05Fe1.95O₄ Nanoferrites: A Potent Antifungal Activity Against <i>Aspergillus niger (MT675916)</i>

We investigated the impact of cobalt (Co) incorporation on structural, optical, and magnetic properties ferrite Ni[Formula: see text]Co x Mn[Formula: text]Fe[Formula: text]O 4 , also known as NCMF for [Formula: text], 0.02, 0.04, which were successfully synthesized using a low-temperature sol-gel combustion process with nitrates cations citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ) combustion/chelating agent. In X-ray diffraction studies, resulted in significant increase lattice parameter from 8.31 to 8.36, well density 5.42 5.52[Formula: text]g/cm 3 ; crystal size formation was observed range 44.76[Formula: text]nm 48.54[Formula: all samples. Raman spectra analysis confirmed that single phase belongs Fd3m space group. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) used identify functional clusters residual groups UV–visible spectroscopy showed redshift 0.92[Formula: text]eV text]. The effect dopants nickel ferrites’ magnetization 52–59[Formula: text]emu/g, indicating samples contain soft content. Antifungal activity sample analyzed against Aspergillus niger (MT675916) species plant pathogenic fungi isolated Capsicum during storage. Biological designated text] has shown 100% potent antifungal species. For treatment completely inhibits growth fungus after days. Therefore, NPs can be applicant resources industrial, medical, biological applications.